article · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
A microbiological examination of forty samples from twenty brands of sachet orange juice products revealed that every product contained microbial contamination, including yeasts and bacteria. Identified organisms included species of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Bacillus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Micrococcus. Testing of thirty bacterial isolates against commonly prescribed antibiotics demonstrated high levels of resistance, notably to augmentin and amoxycillin at 66.67 percent, cotrimoxazole at 63.33 percent, and cloxacillin at 56 percent. Lower resistance rates occurred for tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. The isolates exhibited seven drug resistance patterns, six of which demonstrated multiple-drug resistance involving two to eight antibiotics. Furthermore, ten bacterial strains showed evidence of beta-lactamase production, and specific minimum inhibitory concentrations were established for amoxycillin and cloxacillin against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
The presence of microbial contamination alongside multiple-drug-resistant bacteria in packaged juice poses serious public health concerns. When widely consumed beverage products harbour pathogens resistant to commonly prescribed treatments like amoxycillin and augmentin, treating foodborne illnesses becomes significantly harder. These findings highlight urgent risks surrounding food hygiene, production quality control, and the spread of antimicrobial resistance through everyday consumer items.
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Forty samples of twenty brands of sachet orange juice products were examined microbiologically. All the products were contaminated with bacteria and yeasts. The organisms encountered include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sp, Rhodotorula sp, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Micrococcus sp. The resistances of thirty bacterial strains isolated from orange juice products to the commonly used antibiotics were studied. About 66.67% of the isolates were resistant to augmentin and amoxycillin; 63.33% to cotrimoxazole, 56% to cloxacillin, and 23.33% to tetracycline. Resistances of 10, 6.67, and 3.33% were obtained for gentamicin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol respectively. Among the eight antibiotics tested, seven patterns of drug resistance were obtained. Six out of these are multiple-drug resistance with number of antibiotics ranging between 2 to 8. While MIC of amoxycillin ranged between 10-25mg/ml for the strains of E. coli, MIC of 10-20mg/ml was obtained for the strains ofS. aureus. The MIC for cloxacillin was 0.1-1.0mg/ml for E. coli strains, and 0.01-1.0mg/ml for S. aureus strains. In all, ten strains of the bacterial isolates had evidence for the production of β-lactamases. Keywords: Orange juice, antibiotics, resistance pattern, b-lactamase, microbiological standard.
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DOI: 10.5897/ajb2004.000-2061
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