Antibody-functionalized lipid nanocarriers for RNA-based cancer gene therapy: advances and challenges in targeted delivery

Abstract

performance, and the critical trade-offs between targeting specificity and endosomal escape efficiency. Epidemiological data underscore the pressing need for such innovations, particularly in aggressive and hard-to-treat cancers. While promising, clinical translation remains hindered by challenges in scalable manufacturing, regulatory approval, and biological complexity. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to transform antibody-functionalized LBNCs from experimental strategies into clinically viable solutions for next-generation, RNA-based cancer therapies.