Antibiotic resistance profiles in Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream and urinary tract infections in paediatric and adult patients in Ndola District, Zambia, 2020–2021

Abstract

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have unfavourable treatment outcomes and negative economic impacts. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profiles in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing BSIs and UTIs. Method: A prospective study from October 2020 to January 2021 at Ndola Teaching Hospital and Arthur Davison Children's Hospital in the Ndola district, Zambia. Blood and urine samples collected from inpatients and outpatients presenting with fever and/or urinary tract infection symptoms were submitted for microbiological analysis. Pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the automated VITEK 2 Compact machine. Resistance genes to commonly used antibiotics were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28.0. Results: . Conclusion: High level antibiotic resistance was observed in GNB known to be prevalent causative agents of BSIs and UTIs locally in Zambia. Improving microbiology diagnostic capacity, strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs and enforcing infection prevention and control measures are of utmost importance in promoting rational use of antibiotics and preventing the spread and emergence of resistant pathogens.