Antibacterial Resistance and Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Environmental Sources in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The multidrug resistant member of Enterobacteriaceae is common causes of community related infections. A study on antibacterial resistance and phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental sources in Nasarawa state, Nigeria was carried out. A total of 400 samples comprised of air, water, soil, vegetable, and sewage were collected and 89 samples were multidrug resistant. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified using commercial biochemical kit Eneterosystem 18R. The antibacterial susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae isolates was carried out using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). The phenotypic confirmation test of ESBL was carried out by double disc synergy test (DDST) method. The occurrence of multidrug resistant isolates shows that Escherichia coli (24.71%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.10%) find to be high while the occurrence of Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter freundii (6.74%) were low. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were more resistant to Cefuroxime, Cefexime, Amoxicillin Clavulanate and Imipenem/Cilastatin with percentage resistance ranges from 62.5%–100%. The occurrence of ESBL producers shows that Klebsiella pneumoniae (66.7%) and Shigella flexneri (57.14%) were found to be high while the occurrence of ESBL was low in Proteus mirabilis (20.0%). The Beta Lactam and gentamycin antibiotics were not effective against the MDR isolates and most of the isolates were ESBL producers.