Anti-Toxic Principles from Musa Sapientum and Moringa Oleifera Ameliorated Skin Histo-Pathology, Decreased Lipid Peroxidation and Promoted Melatonin/TNF-Alpha/p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Cadmium Chloride-Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats

Abstract

This study evaluated anticancer potentials of Musa sapientum (MS) and Moringa oleifera (MO) in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced skin and liver carcinogenesis. Musa sapientum fraction-1 (MSF1) and Moringa oleifera fraction-6 (MOF6) were extracted from MS suckers and MO leaves, respectively, using column-chromatography methods. Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 5). Cancer-induction was via single intraperitoneal administration of 1.25 mg/kg CdCl2. Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and CdCl2 dose, respectively. Groups 3–5 received CdCl2 dose on day 1 but were post-treated on days 15–56 with 15 mg/kg MOF6, 30 mg/kg MOF6 and 10 mg/kg MSF1, respectively. Group 6 received CdCl2dose on day 1 and were post-treated on days 15– 28 with doxorubicin + cisplatin doses. Groups 7–9 received MOF6 dose and MSF1 dose, respectively (days 1–56). Groups 10 and 11 received CdCl2dose on day 1 and were posttreated with 30 mg/kg MOF6 and 10 mg/kg MSF1, respectively (days 1–56). Doxorubicin and extracts doses were administered orally. Skin histo-pathology (haematoxylin and eosin), sera melatonin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) (enzyme linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]) levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituric acid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed skin histo-alterations in Group 2, compared with normal skin histology in Groups 1 and 3–11. Statistical analyses showed significant downregulation of p53, non-significant downregulations of malondialdehyde and TNFa, and non-significant upregulation of melatonin in Groups 3–11 compared with Group 2. Overall, post-treatments with MOF6 and MSF1 exhibited possible anticancer potentials of these plants extracts via degrees of amelioration of CdCl2-induced skin histo-pathology and carcinogenesis.