Anti‐Cancer, Antioxidant, Antibiofilm, and Antibacterial Activity of Inorganic Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Calcined Layered Double Hydroxide (ZnNiAl‐LDH)

Abstract

Abstract The rise of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens and the limitations of conventional antibiotics have led to the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the synthesis, structural characterization, and bioactive properties of ZnNiAl mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanoparticles derived from calcined layered double hydroxides (ZnNiAl‐LDH). The nanocomposites were calcined at various temperatures, including 400, 600, and 800 °C. The materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The nanocomposites showed superior antimicrobial properties, with MICs ranging from 1.95 to 15.62 µg/mL against tested pathogens. Biofilm inhibition assays revealed enhanced efficacy at 800 °C, with IC50 values of 56.79 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus , 54.53 µg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and 64.17–77.13 µg/mL for Candida albicans . The 800 °C nanocomposites also demonstrated superior antioxidant activity and significant cytotoxicity against HT29 colorectal cancer cells. These findings point out the advantages of ZnNiAl nanocomposites as multifunctional nanotherapeutics, offering a promising strategy for therapeutic applications against microbial infections and cancer progression.