Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blocker Augments Therapeutic Potential of Almond Oil in LPS-induced Alzheimer’s Diseases in Female Albino Rats; Histological Evaluation

Abstract

Background: Among dementias, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common. The characteristics of AD include amyloid aggregation, impaired synaptic function, and neuronal damage. Much evidence links the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with AD pathology, particularly vascular dysfunctions. Both telmisartan, and almond oil have anti-inflammatory, and ani-oxidant effects. In this study, we looked into the potential therapeutic benefits of using Telmisartan and/or almond oil on the progression of AD that was developed secondary to repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: 2 main groups of rats were group I; normal control, and group II; AD rats. Following induction, the rats were subdivided randomly into: Group IIA; AD-Model, Group IIB; telmisartan (0.1mg/kg/day i.p), Group IIC; almond oil (8 g/kg), and Group IID; combined treatment, all therapeutic modalities started after immediately following AD induction (from day 8 of the study). Systolic arterial blood pressure was measured (baseline, and at the last day of the study). Results: Y-maze and T-maze documented a significantly increased percentage of successful trials in all treated groups in comparison with the diseased group (IIA). Serum IL-17 A, Inos, brain tissues MDA, amyloid b, and tau proteins were significantly decreased in all treated groups, while tissue of TGF-b, and GSH were significantly increased compared to group IIA. Histological and Immunohistochemistry showed the best results in group IID (the combined therapy).Conclusion: Telmisartan and almond oil, individually and in combination, demonstrated beneficial effects in attenuating the progression of LPS-induced AD. However, the combined treatment markedly outperformed the individual treatments, showcasing superior efficacy in diminishing the levels of amyloid, and P-Tau, and enhancing the levels of GSH. Thus, the combined group therapy reported the best results so it might be a new therapeutic target in patients with AD.