Analysis of Control Strategy Development: Backstepping and Classical Regulators for Power Regulation in a Wind Turbine System

Abstract

Optimising the control of wind power systems based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) raises complex technical challenges, intrinsically linked to the non-linear natureof these machines. With this in mind, this study presents a comparison of two distinct control approaches: Proportional-Integral (PI) control, and Backstepping control, designed specifically to address the challenges posed by unstable and variable dynamics.The methodological approach is based on a DFIG model built on the foundations of vector control. This theoretical framework is implemented into a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Backstepping control, in particular, is stabilised by means of a rigorous construction of the Lyapunov function, guaranteeing error convergence and robustness in the face of disturbances. The simulation results highlight the differences in performance. Whilethe classic PI control approach is robust to parametric variations, it results in a slower response time (27.6 ms) and higher static error (0.2%). Its simple structure and efficient implementation make it a reliable choice in industrial environments with limitedresources. In contrast, the Backstepping method significantly reduces overshoot, improves system response time (0.18 ms), and achieves a notable reduction in static error (0.064%), demonstrating its superiority in dynamic and unstable environments. This approach excels in managing the non-linearities inherent in wind energy systems, giving it a clear advantage in unstable or fluctuating environments. In short, this study does not simply juxtapose two methods; it outlines the future of more adaptive, more responsive control. While PI remains a faithful ally in simplicity, Backstepping technology offers a promising approachto the development of smart energy systems.