Analysing the hydrological implications of morphometric parameters in the Infranz watershed and its riverine wetlands, Lake Tana sub-basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT The graphical abstract shows the location map of the study area, the stream order, the drainage density of the Infranz watershed, and the conceptual model of the study. This study examines the hydrological implications of morphometric parameters in the Infranz watershed, Lake Tana sub-basin, Northwestern Ethiopia. The study aims to examine the influence of morphometric parameters on the hydrological characteristics of the watershed. The areal, relief, and linear aspects of watersheds were quantified by using digital elevation model (DEM) data and GIS-based morphometric analysis. Results indicate an elongated, moderately dissected basin with a high compactness coefficient and a very coarse texture, implying slow runoff, low peak flow, and reduced erosion. The watershed relief (311 m) and low ruggedness (0.221) reflect limited vertical dissection and moderate energy conditions. The dendritic drainage pattern consists of four stream orders (55 streams, 152.37 km total length) with low and very coarse drainage density (0.712 km/km2) and low stream frequency (0.257 streams/km2), signifying a well-drained catchment with moderate structural control. These morphometric features collectively shape the watershed's runoff response, sediment transport, and flood regulation, thereby influencing the hydrology and ecological integrity of its riverine wetlands. Understanding these linkages supports evidence-based watershed management and wetland conservation in the Lake Tana sub-basin.