An Investigation of Airport Apron Capacity and its Impact on Aircraft Operations at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport

Abstract

This study analyzed apron congestion and operational inefficiencies at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport (NAIA), Abuja, using regression and time-series analyses of aircraft and passenger movement data. The research aimed to identify factors influencing apron capacity, assess their impact on operations, and propose improvement strategies. Results showed that peak traffic volume strongly contributes to delays (β = 0.608), indicating that increasing aircraft movements strain the limited apron capacity. Domestic narrow-body aircraft significantly reduced delays (p = 0.001) due to quicker turnaround times, while other variables like domestic and international aircraft movements had indirect but notable effects. Time-series analysis (2013–2024) revealed seasonal peaks in January, July, and August, coinciding with heavy travel demand. Projections for 2025–2030 (CAGR = 3.24%) predict worsening congestion without infrastructure upgrades. Operational inefficiencies such as refueling and baggage handling delays further exacerbate congestion. Survey responses indicated that 68.3% of participants reported inadequate apron capacity, and 45% experienced daily congestion. The study concludes that improving efficiency and capacity requires apron expansion, better ground handling coordination, staggered flight scheduling, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration to reduce delays, support future traffic growth, and improve passenger satisfaction.