article · Luminescence
A new fluorimetric method enables the sensitive detection of betahistine dihydrochloride, a pharmaceutical compound, using nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots. These quantum dots are synthesised via a hydrothermal process and emit blue light. When betahistine is introduced, it causes concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching through a static quenching mechanism. The assay demonstrates high linearity within the range of 0.025 to 4.00 micrograms per millilitre. Testing demonstrated reliable quantitation in pharmaceutical formulations, content uniformity assessments, and urine samples, showing no interference from typical formulation excipients or biological matrix components. The analytical process runs exclusively in distilled water, uses minimal reagents, and requires brief incubation times. Quantitative sustainability evaluations confirm that the protocol has a reduced environmental footprint, providing an eco-friendly and practical alternative to conventional testing procedures.
Monitoring drug concentrations in medications and biological fluids is vital for quality control and patient safety. Many standard chemical tests rely on hazardous organic solvents and complex equipment. Using water-soluble carbon quantum dots offers an eco-friendly, fast, and low-waste approach to pharmaceutical analysis, making drug quality testing and clinical monitoring simpler, cleaner, and less harmful to the environment.
This applied laboratory method could be adopted by pharmaceutical manufacturers for routine quality assurance and content uniformity screening, as well as analytical laboratories testing biological fluids. Operating entirely in water with minimal reagents and short incubation times, the assay offers cost and speed advantages. It is currently at the stage of an applied and tested laboratory protocol, with further development needed before translation into commercial analytical kits.
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A rapid, sensitive, and sustainable fluorimetric method based on fluorescence quenching of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) is introduced for the first time to determine betahistine dihydrochloride (BTH). The N-CQDs were prepared via a simple hydrothermal approach and characterized using transmission electron microscopy for electronic structure and morphology, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, confirming their nanoscale structure, elemental composition, and surface functionalization. The N-CQDs gave strong blue emission at 440.0 nm upon excitation at 345.0 nm. BTH-induced concentration-dependent quenching of N-CQDs fluorescence was mainly due to static quenching. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.025-4.00 μg/mL. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms, content uniformity testing, and urine samples, providing accurate results with satisfactory recoveries and good precision, without interference from common excipients or matrix components. Notably, the procedure operates entirely in distilled water, requiring minimal reagents with a short incubation time, highlighting its simplicity and practicality. The greenness and sustainability of the developed method were quantitatively evaluated and confirmed using the carbon footprint reduction index (CaFRI), the newly developed Nanomaterials Assessment Tool (NAT), and an integrated NQS-SAMI assessment.
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DOI: 10.1002/bio.70617
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