An Assessment of Lead, Zinc, Iron, and Cadmium Concentration in Cat Fish, Snail and Periwinkle Obtained from Abakpa, Gariki and Ogbete, Markets in Enugu Metropolis

Abstract

This study assessed the concentrations of heavy metals in seafood from three different markets in Enugu Metropolis, focusing on iron, lead, cadmium, and zinc in catfish, snail, and periwinkle. The markets sampled were Abakpa, Garriki, and Ogbete. The extracts of the test samples were analyzed for heavy metals using an Agilent FS240AA atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed varying concentrations of heavy metals in the seafood samples. In Abakpa market, lead concentrations were lower in periwinkle (0.158 mg/kg) and snail (0.204 mg/kg) compared to other heavy metals, but higher in catfish (0.518 mg/kg). In Garriki market, lead concentrations were higher in catfish (0.402 mg/kg) and snail (1.284 mg/kg). In Ogbete market, iron (0.838 mg/kg) and zinc (0.978 mg/kg) concentrations were higher in snail. Cadmium was not detected in any samples. The study highlights the importance of monitoring heavy metal concentrations in edible aquatic organisms to ensure food safety and public health. The findings suggest that the seafood samples contain relatively low levels of lead, zinc, and iron, making them safe for consumption and posing minimal risk to human health. The results can inform consumption guidelines and support sustainable aquaculture practices.