An Adaptive Intelligent Agents Framework for Forward Contracts and Dynamic Tariffs in Distributed Energy Systems

Abstract

As energy systems become innovative and more flexible, managing how and when to use electricity has become more critical than ever. This paper presents an adaptive intelligent agents framework that enables electrical smart grid producers to offer dynamic price forward contracts to commercial customers, as well as dynamic tariffs to residential customers, based on daily variation in energy production. Recent studies that discussed and applied both forward contracting and dynamic tariffs are critically reviewed. The existing literature has addressed forward contracting and dynamic tariffs as separate problems, and no research has presented an integrated single framework for both. Integrating the two functions will ensure both economic predictability and operational adaptability, which is essential in modern smart grid systems. The proposed framework combines forward contract negotiation and dynamic tariff setting in a unified structure that coordinates long-term commitments and short-term pricing decisions. Last, the proposed framework provides a future research direction for the implementation and simulation of intelligent systems, energy economics, and grid control.