AMMI analysis of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) selections for genotype by environment interaction and stability of grain yield in Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Smallholder wheat farmers of Ethiopia frequently use landraces as seed sources that are low yielders and susceptible to diseases due to shortage of seeds of adapted improved bread wheat varieties. Developing novel improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of bread wheat. Hence, a multi-location field trial was conducted across four locations in south Ethiopia during the 2022/23 main cropping season with the objective of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, and determine the stable genotype among the 10 Ethiopian bread wheat advanced selections using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data recorded from all plots on 13 agronomic traits and the three wheat rust diseases were computed using appropriate statistical software. The results showed that individual and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited the presence of highly significant variability (P<0.01) among the locations, genotypes, and GEI effects for most of the traits including grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) ANOVA for main effects; location, genotype and GEI revealed significant variation among the selections with 82.0%, 8.7% and 9.3% share of sum square variation, respectively. The genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis explained 92.44% of the total variation observed. AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses indicated G11, G9, G10, and G8 as high yielders and well-adaptive in the favourable locations. AMMI stability value (ASV) and Yield stability index (YSI) showed G5 and G8 as highly stable and adaptive selections across locations. Overall, the study identified that G8 as the most stable and adaptive selection, while G11 was the top yielder cultivar across locations. Therefor it was suggested that seeds of G8 can be grown across all the locations, whereas G11, G9, and G10 can be grown in the favourable environments and similar agro-ecologies in the east African region.