article · Animals
Monosodium glutamate is a widely consumed food additive associated with potential liver disorders. An investigation using Wistar rats evaluated the ability of Graviola extract to mitigate liver injury and cellular alterations induced by monosodium glutamate. Exposure to monosodium glutamate provoked oxidative stress, raised inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6, elevated pro-apoptotic factors, and diminished crucial antioxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase. Administration of Graviola extract, whether given alongside or following monosodium glutamate, normalised these pathological changes. Graviola also decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and fatty acid synthase, whilst upregulating the protective SIRT1 gene. The findings demonstrate that Graviola extract provides hepatoprotective effects driven by interrelated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions.
Monosodium glutamate is ubiquitous in modern diets, raising concerns regarding its potential link to liver damage. Understanding how natural plant extracts protect against chemical-induced hepatic injury helps identify dietary compounds capable of countering oxidative stress and inflammation, providing a scientific foundation for potential preventive strategies against dietary toxin-induced liver disorders.
This research is at an early pre-clinical stage and suggests potential for Graviola extract to be developed as a hepatoprotective nutraceutical or dietary supplement. Potential users include manufacturers of natural health products and functional foods targeting liver support. However, commercial translation is currently distant, as the findings rely on animal models and require human clinical trials to establish safety, appropriate dosing, and efficacy.
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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive, and there is a trepidation that MSG plays a critical role in multiple hepatic disorders. This study was planned to investigate Graviola extract (GE) effects on hepatic and cellular alterations induced by MSG. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (received normal saline), Graviola (received 200 mg/kg body weight), MSG (received 2.4 gm MSG/kg, 15% of Lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of MSG), Graviola + monosodium glutamate (MSG + GE; received GE, 200 mg/kg/day and MSG 2.4 gm/kg body weight (BW) for the next four weeks), and monosodium glutamate + Graviola (received MSG only (2.4 gm/kg BW) daily for four weeks, then concomitant with Graviola (200 mg/kg BW) daily for the next four weeks. MSG and GR were administered orally for eight weeks. Our results showed that MSG caused a significant increase in oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide <b>(</b>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub><b>)</b>, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) level, a tumor protein (P53), hepatic cellular damage, as well as proapoptotic markers caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-like protein 4 (Bax). A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and an antiapoptotic agent B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) was observed. The detected MSG effects were normalized by Graviola administration, either a prophylactic or protecting dose. Besides, Graviola reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and led to the upregulation of the silent information regulator protein one gene expression gene (SIRT1).In conclusion, the results suggest that Gaviola's interrelated antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are potential mechanisms to enhance hepatic deficits and protect the liver. Graviola can, therefore, be considered a promising hepatoprotective supplement. Additionally, further human clinical trials are also necessary to validate the present research.
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DOI: 10.3390/ani10111996
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