Advantage of Drosophila melanogaster in Biomedical Research over Mammalian Models

Abstract

Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, has emerged as a powerful model organism in biomedical research, offering unique advantages over traditional mammalian models such as mice, rats, and rabbits. While mammalian models have long been preferred due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, Drosophila boasts several key benefits, including a fully sequenced and highly manipulable genome, short life cycle, high fecundity, low maintenance costs, and reduced ethical concerns. We provide a detailed comparative analysis of Drosophila and mammalian models, examining their respective strengths in various research areas such as neuroscience, developmental biology, ageing research, and drug discovery. The review also addresses the limitations of Drosophila as a model organism, acknowledging the evolutionary distance from humans and anatomical differences. Case studies highlighting successful applications of Drosophila in studying neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and circadian rhythms are presented to illustrate its practical utility. Emerging technologies that enhance Drosophila's research potential are discussed, along with future perspectives on its role in biomedical research. This analysis aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate model organisms and underscores the significant contributions of Drosophila melanogaster to advancing our understanding of human health and disease.