article · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
As global energy demands grow, clean alternatives are needed to replace fossil fuels and curb greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen serves as a promising energy carrier, but its success depends on effective storage systems. Recent technological advancements encompass physical methods, including compressed hydrogen gas stored at pressures reaching 70 MPa, as well as material-based solutions such as metal hydrides and carbon-containing substances. In developing and optimising these storage media, modern approaches increasingly rely on computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and machine-learning tools alongside key design considerations. These combined physical, chemical, and computational strategies offer pathways to enhance hydrogen storage efficiency, helping to meet future energy requirements and foster clean energy innovation.
Transitioning away from fossil fuels requires safe, efficient ways to store clean energy. Hydrogen offers high potential, but storing it compactly and effectively remains a central technical challenge. Understanding physical storage alongside advanced computational methods helps accelerate the discovery of materials needed to make clean hydrogen systems practical and widespread.
The overview highlights technologies relevant to energy storage developers and clean technology industries, covering practical methods like high-pressure compression alongside material-based systems like metal hydrides. Because the work focuses on computational screening, machine learning, and broad material design considerations, the material development aspects appear to be at an early to intermediate research stage, whereas compressed gas represents an established physical storage method.
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The demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions is escalating as the global population grows and economies develop. Fossil fuels, which currently dominate the energy sector, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. In response to these challenges, hydrogen storage technologies have emerged as a promising avenue for achieving energy sustainability. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in hydrogen storage materials and technologies, emphasizing the importance of efficient storage for maximizing hydrogen's potential. The review highlights physical storage methods such as compressed hydrogen (reaching pressures of up to 70 MPa) and material-based approaches utilizing metal hydrides and carbon-containing substances. It also explores design considerations, computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and machine-learning techniques employed in developing efficient hydrogen storage materials. This comprehensive analysis showcases the potential of hydrogen storage in addressing energy demands, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and driving clean energy innovation.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.223
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