review · Analytical Methods
Electrochemical techniques are widely utilised to detect and screen environmental pathogens. Combining electrochemical methods with optical techniques such as fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can extend detection ranges, decrease limits of detection, and provide mutual validation. Dual-mode biosensors integrate two distinct signals to enhance testing accuracy, demonstrating strong potential for primary food safety quantitative assays and screening. In particular, electrochemical-colorimetric sensors offer visible signals suitable for real-time microbial pathogen detection. Despite growing interest, design methodologies specifically tailored for microbial pathogens have received limited focus. Recent developments encompass various sensing principles, sensor types, advanced design approaches, and practical applications, alongside existing challenges and future directions for these dual-mode analytical probes.
Pathogen contamination poses serious risks to public health and food safety. By combining electrochemical and optical detection mechanisms within a single biosensor, analytical testing can achieve higher accuracy and real-time visibility. This dual-signal approach helps eliminate false readings, enabling more dependable screening of microbial pathogens in food supplies and the surrounding environment.
The underlying technology is aimed at real-time screening and quantitative assays for environmental pathogens, particularly within food safety testing. Potential users include quality control laboratories, food safety inspectors, and environmental monitoring bodies. As the abstract outlines a review of design approaches and sensing principles rather than a finished device, the technology sits primarily at an early-stage research and development level.
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Electrochemical techniques are commonly used to analyze and screen various environmental pathogens. When used in conjunction with other optical recognition methods, it can extend the sensing range, lower the detection limit, and offer mutual validation. Nowadays, electrochemical-optical dual-mode biosensors have ensured the accuracy of test results by integrating two signals into one, indicating their potential use in primary food safety quantitative assays and screening tests. Particularly, visible optical signals from electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode biosensors could meet the demand for real-time screening of microbial pathogens. While electrochemical-optical dual-mode probes have been receiving increasing attention, there is limited emphasis on the design approaches for sensors intended for microbial pathogens. Here, we review the recent progress in the merging of optical and electrochemical techniques, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This study particularly emphasizes the reporting of various sensing performances, including sensing principles, types, cutting-edge design approaches, and applications. Finally, some concerns and upcoming advancements in dual-mode probes are briefly outlined.
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DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02217j
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