article · Separation Science and Technology
Coagulation and flocculation represent widely applied methods for purifying drinking water and treating industrial wastewater. The approach offers operational simplicity alongside low energy consumption, improving overall treatment efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In these operations, chemical agents such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic compounds serve as primary coagulants to remove particulate suspensions and dissolved organic matter. Additionally, the process assists in separating solids from industrial polymer effluents, preparing them to meet standards required for safe environmental discharge. Process efficiency depends heavily on operational parameters, including chemical dosage, solution pH, temperature, mixing rate, and the physical characteristics of the resulting flocs. A broad review of existing research demonstrates how these factors influence outcomes across diverse liquid solutions and suspensions.
Reliable access to clean drinking water and effective management of industrial discharge are critical challenges for public health and environmental protection. Coagulation and flocculation provide a low-energy, straightforward chemical method to extract harmful suspended solids and dissolved organic materials. Understanding the key operational parameters that govern this process helps ensure treatment facilities operate both efficiently and cost-effectively.
The abstract outlines applications in municipal potable water production and industrial effluent processing, particularly for treating polymer manufacturing wastewater. Municipal utilities and industrial plant operators are the primary end users. Because this work reviews existing chemical treatments and operational conditions rather than introducing a newly tested commercial prototype, the underlying technologies are already established in practice, although the abstract does not indicate a specific commercialisation pathway for proprietary products.
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Coagulation-flocculation is a significant process in water and wastewater treatment units that enhances treatment efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The coagulation process is a straightforward operation in water treatment with simple design and low energy consumption. Various chemicals are utilized to produce drinking water and treat wastewater, and the coagulation process is employed to separate solids from industrial polymer effluents to ensure suitable properties for discharge. It can also be used to treat dissolved organic matter and particulate suspensions. Primary coagulants such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic compounds are utilized in potable water treatment.The objective of this study is to examine the research conducted on the utilization of various coagulants and flocculants. The efficiency of the flocculation process is impacted by several factors, such as the properties of the flocs formed, the dosage of coagulants and flocculants added, pH, temperature, and mixing rate. This paper offers a summary of the key findings achieved through the treatment of various solutions and suspensions.
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DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2219381
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