article
This study presents a Sustainable Hydroponic Greenhouse (SHG) integrating solar energy, IoT sensor-actuator networks, and AI to optimize water use, reduce costs, and enhance crop yields. ANN-optimized PID controllers improve photovoltaic power extraction and pump efficiency. An IoT-based system, using an ESP32 microcontroller, monitors real-time environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture and updates it to the cloud. Experimental results validate the system’s efficiency in creating an ideal microclimate for year-round cultivation while conserving resources. The SHG demonstrates the potential of combining renewable energy, hydroponics, and smart technologies for sustainable agriculture. Future research could focus on scalability, integration with additional renewable energy sources, and advanced machine learning for further optimization.
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DOI: 10.1109/ic_aset65966.2025.11231933
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