review · RSC Advances
Adedamola Titi OjedokunBiomass and biochar-based adsorbents offer an approach for removing antibiotic contaminants from wastewater. Water treatment innovations rely on kinetic and isotherm models to evaluate the adsorption of diverse antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and chloramphenicol, as well as multiple antibiotic systems. Evaluating the structure, sources, classifications, and distribution of these pollutants helps establish remediation techniques. An assessment of theoretical isotherm and kinetic models alongside experimental data highlights the strengths, limitations, and operational efficacy of various adsorbent materials. Furthermore, examining adsorbent regeneration and potential engineering applications provides insight into deployment requirements. Understanding these mechanisms clarifies the present resources used in water treatment and indicates future requirements for remediating antibiotic-laden wastewater.
Antibiotics in wastewater present serious environmental and public health risks. Using biochar and biomass materials to capture these pharmaceuticals provides a sustainable treatment route. Clarifying how different adsorbents perform across multiple antibiotic classes helps researchers and water management professionals select appropriate materials and predictive models to clean contaminated water effectively.
The work addresses potential engineering applications and adsorbent regeneration for wastewater treatment facilities and environmental engineering operators. Because the findings derive from an overarching evaluation of adsorption models and biomass materials rather than pilot deployment data, the work remains at an early to applied research stage.
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This study explores adsorptive removal measures to shed light on current water treatment innovations for kinetic/isotherm models and their applications to antibiotic pollutants using a broad range of biomass-based adsorbents. The structure, classifications, sources, distribution, and different techniques for the remediation of antibiotics are discussed. Unlike previous studies, a wide range of adsorbents are covered and adsorption of comprehensive classes of antibiotics onto biomass/biochar-based adsorbents are categorized as β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, antiseptic additives, glycosamides, reductase inhibitors, and multiple antibiotic systems. This allows for an assessment of their performance and an understanding of current research breakthroughs in applying various adsorbent materials for antibiotic removal. Distinct from other studies in the field, the theoretical basis of different isotherm and kinetics models and the corresponding experimental insights into their applications to antibiotics are discussed extensively, thereby identifying the associated strengths, limitations, and efficacy of kinetics and isotherms for describing the performances of the adsorbents. In addition, we explore the regeneration of adsorbents and the potential applications of the adsorbents in engineering. Lastly, scholars will be able to grasp the present resources employed and the future necessities for antibiotic wastewater remediation.
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DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06436g
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