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This study examines the removal of hazardous industrial dyes, specifically methylene blue and methyl orange, from aqueous solutions using raw and activated carbon materials derived from jute leaves and sickle senna leaves. The adsorbents were characterised using infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray techniques. Batch experiments evaluated operational parameters including contact time, temperature, dye concentration, dosage, and pH. Optimum dye uptake occurred under acidic conditions at pH 2, with contact times of 50 to 60 minutes and adsorbent dosages between 0.5 g and 0.6 g. The equilibrium data aligned closely with the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models, while adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order behaviour. Thermodynamic evaluations showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous, with dye retention driven primarily by electrostatic interactions between dye molecules and functional groups on the adsorbent surfaces.
Industrial effluents containing synthetic dyes pose severe environmental and health hazards when discharged untreated into natural water bodies. Identifying low-cost, plant-based materials like jute and sickle senna leaves offers an accessible route to treat wastewater. This helps protect aquatic ecosystems and downstream communities from hazardous dye pollution through relatively straightforward, bio-based filtration media.
This research could enable the development of low-cost bio-adsorbents for industrial effluent treatment, particularly for textile and dyeing facilities seeking affordable wastewater management options. The findings reflect early-stage laboratory research based on synthetic aqueous solutions. Substantial further testing on real multi-pollutant industrial wastewater, alongside pilot-scale trials and process economics evaluations, would be required before these materials could be used in practical effluent treatment systems.
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Adsorption is potentially an attractive methodology for removal of hazardous dyestuff from industrial effluents. In this study, the removal efficiency of industrially important dyes methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution using jute leaves (JL) and sickle senna leaves (SSL), and activated carbon of jute and sickle senna leaves A C-SSL and AC-JL as Adsorbents had been investigated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray, (EDX). The effect of different parameters such as contact time, temperature, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH were studied. The results obtained revel that the optimum time at 60 minutes and 50 minutes, acidic pH of 2 and 0.5g and 0.6g respectively, the experimental data were interpreted and studied using. Four isotherm models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubenin Redushkebich were tested and adsorption was found to fit well into Langmuir model and Temkin relatively better than others. The maximum loading capacity (qm) of the adsorbent AC-MOJLA is 248 and AC-MBJLB is 245 respectively. Adsorbtion kinetics parameters such as Pseudo first order, Pseudo second order, Intra particles diffusion and Simple elovich were used to described the data, the investigations showed that the kinetic data was well described by Pseudo first order and Pseudo second order kinetic model with the high correlation coefficients (R2). Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G, ∆H, ∆S, were calculated. The negative values of ∆G, indicate that the process is spontaneous in nature and the positive values of ∆H, shows the endothermic nature of the process. The positive values of ∆S indicated that the randomness of the solid/solution interface increased during the adsorption process. The activation energy also was calculated. The FTIR and SEM analyses of the adsorbent suggest that adsorption of the dyes was through an electrostatic interaction between the functional groups present in the dyes and those on the surface of the adsorbent. Keywords: methylene blue; Activated carbon; methyl orange; isotherm; kinetic and thermodynamics; chemisorption; physisorption; enthalpy change; entropy change; free energy change; activation energy; Adsorption and Desorption.
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DOI: 10.64823/ijpcs.2601005
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