Adoption of genetically modified crops in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges, opportunities, and regulatory considerations for sustainable agricultural development

Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) crop adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa holds significant promise in addressing pressing agricultural challenges, including food security and environmental sustainability. However, its adoption faces multifaceted challenges, including regulatory, technological, socio-cultural, and economic dimensions. This review paper explores the importance of GM crop adoption in the region, highlighting challenges, prospects, regulatory considerations, and biotechnological advancements. The historical context reveals a complex interplay of socio-economic, political, and scientific factors shaping GM crop adoption. Challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies, technological limitations, and socio-cultural perceptions hinder widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, GM crops offer potential benefits in enhancing food security and promoting sustainable farming practices. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts involving governments, research institutions, civil society, and the private sector. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and investing in research and infrastructure are essential for realizing the potential of GM crop adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa.