Addressing Agricultural Pesticide Residue Risks: Promoting Preharvest Interval Adherence Among Ethiopian Farmers for Public Health Protection

Abstract

The misuse of agricultural chemicals poses significant risks to public health, particularly in countries like Ethiopia where farming practices may not adhere to recommended safety measures. This review examines the challenges associated with agricultural pesticide residue risks in Ethiopia and explores strategies to promote preharvest interval adherence among farmers. Drawing on existing literature, the review discusses the impacts of pesticide residues on human health, factors influencing farmer behavior regarding pesticide application and harvesting practices, and potential socio‐economic implications of improving pre‐harvest interval compliance. Furthermore, the review highlights successful interventions and policy measures implemented in other contexts to enhance farmer awareness, training, and access to safer agricultural practices. In Ethiopia, most farmers lack proper pesticide knowledge, with none able to accurately identify or apply preharvest interval guidelines. They also handle pesticides without protective gear and spray pesticides more than a dozen times per growing season, increasing the risk of nonadherence to PHI. As a result, detectable pesticide residues are found in fruits and vegetables, with samples showing measurable levels and some even exceeding international maximum residue limits, leading to export rejections. Strengthened extension services, stricter oversight of agrochemical distributors, and municipal‐level monitoring systems are essential to mitigate food‐safety risks and protect agricultural market access. By synthesizing evidence of pesticide residues, this review aims to inform policymakers, agricultural extension services, and relevant stakeholders about the importance of promoting adherence to the preharvest interval as a crucial step toward mitigating agricultural chemical residue risks and protecting public health in Ethiopia.