Acute Small-bowel Obstruction: An Appraisal of Common Etiology and Management at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, North-central Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute small intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency in the sub-Saharan region. Over the decades, complicated inguinal hernias have been identified as a leading cause. However, we observed from our clinical practice that complicated inguinal hernias were not the most common etiology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the common etiology of acute small bowel obstruction in the study center and compare our findings with that from other centers and existing literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross sectional study carried out over a period of five years (January 2017 to December 2021). This study looked at the patients presenting with acute, mechanical, small bowel obstruction that did not respond to conservative treatment in our hospital facility. Relevant information were extracted from patients' clinical details and entered into the proforma prepared for this study. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients were recruited into this study out of which 85(57.8%) were males and 62 (42.2%) were females (M:F=1.44:1). Majority (80.3%) of the patients that presented with post-operative bowel adhesion had previous appendectomy. Simple bowel obstruction was seen in 93 (63.3%) patients while strangulated obstruction and gangrenous bowel were seen in 26 (17.7%) patients and 22 (15.0%) patients respectively. Majority (47.6%) of the patients had adhesiolysis done while others had bowel resection. CONCLUSION: The common cause of acute small bowel obstruction as observed in this study is post-operative adhesions arising from previous appendectomy and laparotomies.