article · AUIQ complementary biological system.
Agricultural waste in the form of rice husks can be converted into activated carbon using pyrolysis and tartaric acid as an activating agent. The carbonisation procedure was conducted at 700 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes under a continuous nitrogen flow rate of five litres per minute. Researchers used response surface methodology alongside a three-level Box-Behnken experimental design to evaluate and optimise the material's capacity to remove reactive orange 16 dye from aqueous solutions. The investigation examined variations in solution acidity, adsorbent dosage, and treatment duration. Under the identified optimal operational conditions, consisting of a solution pH of 2, an adsorbent dose of 0.09 grams, and a contact time of 240 minutes, the activated carbon achieved a peak dye removal rate of 53 percent. The results confirm that abundant rice husk biomass can serve as a functional precursor for producing adsorbents.
Industrial dyes in wastewater present serious environmental challenges. Utilising widely available agricultural by-products, such as rice husks, offers a path to valorise waste biomass into functional materials for pollution remediation. Showing that tartaric acid activation can yield functional activated carbon expands the technical options for producing sustainable adsorbents to address organic contaminants in contaminated water.
This process could interest wastewater treatment developers and industrial operators seeking bio-based adsorbents for effluent treatment. However, the work represents early-stage research based on laboratory-scale aqueous batch tests that achieved a maximum removal efficiency of 53 percent. Substantial further optimisation, scale-up work, and continuous flow evaluations are required before the material could be considered for commercial deployment.
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In the current work, rice husk (RH) biomass was pyrolyzed using tartaric acid as an activating agent to produce activated carbon (AC). For 60 min, the procedure was run at 700 °C and 5 L/min of nitrogen (N2) flow rate. The study used response surface methodology (RSM) and a 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize the extraction efficiency of rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) in eliminating reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye from an aqueous solution. Different process parameters, such as pH (2–12), RHAC dose (0.04 – 0.14 g), and time (60-240 min), were chosen as part of the optimization method. When the solution's pH was 2, the adsorbent dosage was 0.09 g, and the contact time was 240 min, the maximum amount of dye removal (53%) was achieved. This work demonstrates the ability to use abundant husk biomass to create activated carbon, which can be used as an adsorbent to effectively remove organic dyes.
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DOI: 10.70176/3007-973x.1009
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