Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Lines

Abstract

One example of a chronic inflammatory condition is acne vulgaris. Causes of chronic acne include overproduction of sebum, abnormal follicular infundibulum keratinisation, the spread of bacteria, and subsequent inflammation, as well as endocrinological variables like androgens. The pathophysiology of this condition usually starts in the early teen years but may continue far into adulthood. The most common areas to find lesions are on the chest, upper back, neck, and face. Among the many types of acne, you may find those specific to certain situations or occupations, such as neonatal or infantile acne, acne conglobata, acne fulminans, acne mechanica, excoriated acne, chloracne, or acne produced by certain medications, such as anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, lithium, or phenytoin. To lessen the emotional and social toll of the condition, there are a number of helpful medication options, both topically and systemically applied. Oral medications (such as tetracyclines, macrolides, and isotretinoin) and hormonal treatments (such as oral contraceptives and systemic glucocorticoids or GnRH agonists) are the most common methods of treating acne vulgaris, although topical medications (like benzoyl peroxide (BP), topical antibiotics, retinoids, azelaic acid, dapsone, etc.) and oral medications in general are also used frequently.