Accuracy of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the assessment of metabolically negative axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer

Abstract

Background Breast cancer is a significant public health concern, and early detection of breast lesions is crucial for improved patient outcomes. Accurate assessment of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer is vital for staging and treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to assess to what extent positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) can be used in the assessment of negative axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer and to determine if pathological variability can affect the result of the PET-CT. Patients and methods This prospective study was carried out on 50 female patients with locally advanced breast cancer and with negative PET-CT scans for active axillary lymph nodes. All studied cases underwent postoperative pathological examination to be compared with preoperative PET-CT results. Results Of the studied cases, 84% showed negative axillary lymph node involvement. PET/CT exhibited high sensitivity (95.24%) and specificity (87.5%) in predicting positive nodes, with an axillary maximum standardized uptake value cutoff value of 4.22 (area under the curve=0.923). Logistic regression revealed a significant association between higher T stage and positive lymph nodes ( P <0.05). Conclusion PET/CT demonstrates strong predictive accuracy in detecting metabolically negative axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.