article · International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Industrial activities such as power generation can degrade soil quality through the release of chemical contaminants. Soil samples collected from a thermal power station condensate dump site and an electric transformer site in Delta State, Nigeria, were analysed alongside condensate and transformer oil. The condensate dump site soil exhibited higher levels for most physicochemical parameters than the transformer site soil. Heavy metal concentrations evaluated across the samples included copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, iron, and chromium. Cadmium levels exceeded the limits established by the Department of Petroleum Resources, whilst other tested metals remained within acceptable thresholds. Earthworms introduced to the soils accumulated these heavy metals in direct proportion to the level of soil contamination, confirming the ecological uptake of industrial pollutants.
Improper disposal of industrial waste, including power station condensate and transformer oil, introduces hazardous heavy metals into the ground. Because organisms like earthworms absorb these toxins in proportion to pollution levels, industrial run-off threatens soil health and poses broader ecological risks, underscoring the necessity of continuous monitoring for industrial waste sites.
This early-stage research provides baseline data on bioaccumulation that environmental monitoring agencies, industrial site managers, and remediation service providers could use to evaluate site contamination. However, the abstract describes an analytical assessment rather than a developed commercial technology or direct product pathway.
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Changes in soil properties that reduce environmental services always result in a decline in soil quality. A variety of stressors, which may be physical, chemical, or biological and originate from both human and natural causes, could lead to these modifications. Using conventional laboratory methods, this study examined the physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of soil samples from the condensate dump site and the electric transformer site in Delta State, Nigeria, as well as the earthworms introduced into the soil samples at varying degrees of contamination. The majority of the physicochemical parameters were higher in the condensate dump site soil than in the electrical transformer site soil, according to the findings. The heavy metals analysis in condensate, electrical transformer oil, soil samples from condensate dump site, and electrical transformer sites shows metal concentrations ranging from Cu 0.03-7.54ppm, Zn 0.12 - 4.33ppm, As 1.26 8 4.88ppm, Cd 0.01 -1.72ppm, Pb 2.10 - 4.22ppm, Hg 0.25 -2.19ppm, Fe 0.29 -2.34ppm, and Cr 0.12-1.8ppm. The earthworm accumulated metals from the soil in a contamination-percentage-dependent manner. Except for cadmium, which was above the DPR-established limit, the soil's heavy metals were all within the acceptable DPR limits. The study revealed that exposure to thermal power station condensate and used transformer oil resulted in heavy metal accumulation in earthworms, highlighting the environmental risks associated with soil contamination and the need for proper monitoring of industrial waste disposal practices.
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DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i65478
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