A transformative social policy approach to implementing IWRM in Zimbabwe and South Africa

Abstract

The paper examines water policy reforms in Zimbabwe and South Africa, focusing on challenges arising from the adoption of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and neoliberal philosophies. Through the transformative social policy (TSP) perspective and qualitative research, the paper provides a comparative analysis of both countries' experiences. Findings highlight divergent approaches, with Zimbabwe's reforms enabling democratic social transformation, while South Africa's emphasis on IWRM principles of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability has marginalised social equity. Considering their shared colonial history, our analysis underscores incorporating historical and contextual factors into water sector reforms for equitable change and protection of vulnerable groups, including women. By examining the intersection of water policy reforms, TSP, and local realities, this study contributes to the discourse on equitable and sustainable water management.