article · Energy Reports
Bidirectional communication within smart grids enhances power system control, efficiency, and service quality. Integrating electric vehicles through vehicle-to-grid technology enables bidirectional power flow that can support the wider energy network. Integrating these vehicles requires evaluating control strategies, including centralised, decentralised, and hierarchical structures, alongside operational challenges such as battery degradation, grid congestion, communication, cybersecurity, infrastructure, and consumer behaviour. Formulating a real-time dynamic dispatch strategy allows electric vehicles to participate in the automatic generation control of multi-energy systems. Simulation analysis shows that using vehicle battery storage effectively mitigates forecasting errors in power networks with high wind energy reliance. Consequently, the energy storage capacity of electric vehicles provides vital support services and enhances overall grid flexibility to manage the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation.
Renewable power sources like wind are unpredictable, making electrical grids harder to balance and stabilise. Utilising electric vehicle batteries as dynamic energy storage allows grid operators to absorb excess generation and supply backup power when needed. This approach helps power networks handle larger amounts of clean energy while maintaining reliable electricity delivery without requiring massive investments in dedicated stationary battery facilities.
The work enables real-time dynamic dispatch software for grid operators, multi-energy utility managers, and aggregators balancing variable renewable generation. By mitigating wind forecasting errors through automated generation control, the simulated strategy assists in balancing grid loads. The research appears to be at the applied and simulation-tested stage, requiring real-world pilot deployments to address practical challenges such as battery degradation, infrastructure readiness, and cybersecurity.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Smart grids (SG) constitute a revolutionary concept within the energy sector, enabling the establishment of a bidirectional communication infrastructure. This infrastructure significantly improves control, efficiency, and overall service quality in power systems. The study provides an in-depth survey on the classification of EVs, including both plug-in and non-plug-in EVs, and the integration process of V2G, including bidirectional power flow analysis. Moreover, various control strategies for EV integration are explored, ranging from centralized and decentralized to hierarchical control structures. Further, the research thoroughly examines the potential benefits of EV integration and addresses associated challenges, such as battery degradation, infrastructure requirements, cybersecurity and communication issues, grid congestion, and consumer behavior. The study goes beyond theoretical exploration and offers a comprehensive simulation analysis. This analysis leverages the storage capabilities of EVs to provide grid support services. A real-time dynamic dispatch strategy is formulated to integrate EVs into the automatic generation control of multi-energy systems. The findings demonstrate that EVs can effectively mitigate forecasting errors in a power network heavily reliant on wind energy sources. Consequently, the storage capabilities of EVs contribute to enhancing grid flexibility in managing the intermittency of renewable energy resources.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.008
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