article · Ain Shams Engineering Journal
Vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness directly affect passenger comfort, market adoption, and urban noise pollution. An overview of these acoustic and vibrational factors examines internal combustion engine vehicles alongside electric and hybrid models. Sources analysed include powertrains, road-tyre and wind interactions, suspensions, brakes, transmissions, clutches, and electric motors. In traditional combustion vehicles, powertrains generate substantial disruption at low speeds, whereas tyre and wind effects dominate at higher speeds. For electric vehicles, power-coupling devices are the principal disturbance origin, particularly in hybrids, with clutch and transmission noise emerging under heavy loads at low speeds. Across all powertrain designs, high-speed travel makes road-tyre and wind-structure interactions the primary disturbance. The evaluation synthesises suppression methods and indicates prospective topics for future inquiry to foster quieter, more comfortable transportation.
Vehicle noise contributes heavily to urban pollution and harms the health of passengers and pedestrians. Achieving low noise, vibration, and harshness levels is essential for the commercial success of electric and hybrid vehicles, supporting broader efforts to develop sustainable, comfortable, and healthy transit systems in towns and cities.
Automotive manufacturers and system engineers can use these insights to target specific noise sources, such as power-coupling devices in hybrids or high-speed aerodynamic interactions. As a state-of-the-art review collating suppression techniques and identifying future research needs, this work sits at an early, foundational stage of development rather than providing an immediately deployable product or tested commercial technology.
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Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of transportation is a key topic for both automakers and academic researchers. The noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) of electric and hybrid electric vehicles affect their occupants, which is essential if these vehicles are to be commercially successful. Furthermore, noise pollution in urban areas is a growing concern, and vehicle noise is a major contributor to this problem. Vehicle noise can adversely affect the health and well-being of passengers and pedestrians. A concise, state-of-the-art review of NVH sources and suppression techniques for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is presented in this paper. NVH is covered for both conventional ICE-powered vehicles as well as electric and hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, the research also addressed NVH sources such as the interior, powertrain, road-tires, suspension, brakes, wind-structure, power-coupling devices, clutches and transmissions, and electric motors. Additionally, the study identifies potential future research areas and NVH sources that need further investigation. By doing so, automobiles will be able to provide a more comfortable ride. According to the study, traditional ICE-powered vehicles’ powertrains have a considerable adverse effect on NVH at low speeds. However, NVH resulting from the interaction between the road tire and the wind structure becomes more prominent as the vehicle accelerates. The primary source of NVH in EVs is the power-coupling device, particularly in HEVs. In addition, clutch and transmission noise is present when operating at low speeds with heavy loads. In spite of this, road-tire and wind-structure interactions are the primary sources of NVH at high vehicle speeds, just as they are in conventional ICE-powered vehicles.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.102957
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