article · Discover Electronics
A control strategy known as Double-Integral Super-Twisting Direct Power Control has been developed for Dual Active Bridge converters to improve output voltage regulation during load variations. The method establishes a reference power for direct power control and calculates the phase shift ratio without requiring complex modelling or linearisation. By integrating the voltage error, the design improves tracking precision and manages transient disturbances. When tested against conventional PID and standard double-integral sliding mode benchmarks, the approach lowers overshoot and undershoot by 56 to 74 per cent against PID and by 6 to 9 per cent against standard sliding mode control. It also achieves up to a 90 per cent drop in Integral Square Error compared to PID. Performance was demonstrated using single-phase-shift modulation under fixed-source conditions and a photovoltaic-battery charging setup subject to sudden irradiance changes.
Dual Active Bridge converters are vital for managing power flow between energy sources, storage units, and loads. Improving how these converters regulate voltage under shifting operating conditions prevents system instability and hardware stress. By substantially cutting voltage overshoot and errors without requiring complex models, this control technique offers a pathway toward more robust power conversion in renewable energy applications such as solar battery charging.
The approach is aimed at Dual Active Bridge converters used in renewable direct-current power systems, which could be adopted by power electronics designers and energy storage manufacturers. The technology is at an applied research stage: it has been validated in a photovoltaic-battery charging scenario, but practical integration challenges such as high-frequency transformer direct-current bias, dead-time effects, and efficiency evaluations still require further development before real-world deployment.
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This paper proposes a novel Double-Integral Super-Twisting Direct Power Control (ST-DISMC-DPC) scheme for Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters. The controller is designed to enhance output voltage regulation under varying load conditions, offering improved robustness and reference tracking compared to conventional PID and standard Double-Integral Sliding Mode Control (DISMC) benchmarks. With a straightforward design that avoids complex modeling and linearization, the ST-DISMC-DPC scheme generates a reference power for direct power control (DPC), computes the phase shift ratio, and achieves fast transient response alongside stable steady-state performance. A rigorous stability analysis of the proposed controller is included to substantiate its theoretical foundation. By incorporating the integral of the voltage error, the controller significantly enhances tracking accuracy and transient mitigation. Quantitative evaluations reveal that the proposed strategy reduces overshoot/undershoot by 56–74% compared to conventional PID and by 6–9% compared to standard DISMC. Furthermore, it achieves substantial reductions in Integral Square Error (ISE) by up to 90% versus PID and up to 13% versus DISMC, while maintaining the fast-settling times characteristic of sliding mode control. Although a marginal increase in steady-state error is observed under extreme load shedding, the absolute deviation remains a negligible 0.05 V (i.e., 0.1% of the 50 V DC bus), underscoring the controller’s excellent practicality. The effectiveness of the approach is validated through its implementation with single-phase-shift (SPS) modulation, initially under fixed-source conditions and subsequently in a PV-battery charging scenario with step irradiance variations. Future work will extend the scheme to address practical challenges such as dead-time effects and DC bias currents in high-frequency transformers, alongside a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of efficiency-related metrics.
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DOI: 10.1007/s44291-026-00272-1
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