article · Sensors
Global demand for food and operational challenges are leading the industrial agriculture sector toward smart farming to boost productivity, safety, and efficiency. A custom smart farming architecture pairs low-power, long-range wireless sensor networks with existing industrial machinery. The setup connects Long Range (LoRa) communication to standard Programmable Logic Controllers through a Simatic IOT2040 gateway. Alongside the physical controls, a cloud-hosted web application collects and processes environmental farm data, allowing operators to visualise farm conditions and remotely manage connected devices. In addition, an integrated Telegram bot enables automated messaging and mobile communication with farm managers. Testing of the network structure included an evaluation of path loss across the wireless LoRa links to confirm signal behaviour across the monitored agricultural environment.
Modernising agricultural operations can be costly, but integrating wireless sensors with machinery that farms already use helps bridge this gap. By linking long-range, low-power networks directly to standard industrial controllers and common messaging platforms, farm operators gain real-time oversight and remote automation. This approach supports higher productivity and improved food safety across agricultural supply chains without requiring entirely new industrial infrastructure.
This technology offers an applied, retrofit solution for agricultural enterprises, greenhouse operators, and farm automation engineers seeking remote monitoring and control. By connecting standard industrial controllers to low-power wide-area networks and cloud platforms, it enables automated equipment management and alert services. Having undergone network and path loss testing, the system appears to be an applied prototype ready for further field trials and operational deployment.
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The increasing challenges of agricultural processes and the growing demand for food globally are driving the industrial agriculture sector to adopt the concept of 'smart farming'. Smart farming systems, with their real-time management and high level of automation, can greatly improve productivity, food safety, and efficiency in the agri-food supply chain. This paper presents a customized smart farming system that uses a low-cost, low-power, and wide-range wireless sensor network based on Internet of Things (IoT) and Long Range (LoRa) technologies. In this system, LoRa connectivity is integrated with existing Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are commonly used in industry and farming to control multiple processes, devices, and machinery through the Simatic IOT2040. The system also includes a newly developed web-based monitoring application hosted on a cloud server, which processes data collected from the farm environment and allows for remote visualization and control of all connected devices. A Telegram bot is included for automated communication with users through this mobile messaging app. The proposed network structure has been tested, and the path loss in the wireless LoRa is evaluated.
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DOI: 10.3390/s23052725
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