article · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
The design and implementation of an intelligent antenna system for beam steering and tracking is presented in this paper. The proposed system is a 4×4 Butler matrix using PIN diodes for dynamic beam steering of a four-element microstrip antenna array. With the use of the Butler matrix, the antenna array can produce several fixed directional beams pointing in various directions. RF switches are implemented using PIN diodes for real-time beam selection according to the spatial position of the target. This approach provides fast and passive beam tracking without motors or mechanical parts while maintaining high directivity and constant gain. Simulations show the efficiency of this system in cases of wireless communication, smart detection, or object tracking for industry, healthcare, or home automation.
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DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202638001011/pdf
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