article · Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
A mathematical framework evaluates how nanoscale sandwich beams behave when subjected to combined mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic forces. The examined structure comprises a functionally graded material core encased by two functionally graded piezomagnetic layers with an initial applied voltage and magnetic load. By applying a simplified three-unknown shear and normal deformations nonlocal beam theory alongside Eringen constitutive equations, governing equations were derived through the principle of virtual displacements. Numerical calculations examine structural deflection alongside electric and magnetic potential distributions. The analysis reveals that raising the applied electric potential leads to greater beam deflection. In contrast, increasing the applied magnetic potential reduces deflection. Furthermore, larger values for the nonlocal parameter cause an increase in deflection, showing the influence of small-scale effects on multi-field structural bending.
Nanoscale components often encounter complex operating conditions that involve heat, electricity, and magnetic fields simultaneously. Understanding how these combined forces alter structural stability and bending is essential for predicting the mechanical limits of advanced nanomaterials. This theoretical analysis clarifies how magnetic and electric adjustments can directly govern or counteract nanoscale deformation.
The abstract describes fundamental theoretical modelling and numerical analysis rather than an applied device, placing this work at an early research stage. While understanding magneto-electro-mechanical interactions could assist designers of advanced nanoscale sensors, actuators, or smart composite structures, the abstract does not specify an explicit commercialisation pathway or direct industrial use case.
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A simplified three-unknown shear and normal deformations nonlocal beam theory for thermo-electro-magneto mechanical bending analysis of a nanobeam with a functionally graded material core and two functionally piezomagnetic layers is studied in this paper. The assumed structure is subjected to mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic loads. An initial applied voltage and magnetic load is considered on the functionally graded piezomagnetic material layers. Eringen’s nonlocal constitutive equations are considered in the analysis. Governing equations are derived according to the present refined theory using the principle of virtual displacements. The numerical results including the deflection, electric, and magnetic potential distribution are calculated in terms of important parameters of the problem such as applied electric and magnetic potentials, two parameters of temperature distribution, and nonlocal parameter. The numerical results indicate that increase in applied electric potential increases the deflection unlike the applied magnetic potential that decreases the deflection. Furthermore, it can be concluded that increasing the nonlocal parameter leads to increase in the deflection.
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DOI: 10.1177/1099636216652581
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