A Review on the Evolution of CAD-CAM Materials in Fixed Prosthodontics Regarding Mechanical Properties, Aesthetic Outcomes, and Clinical Indications

Abstract

In recent years, the dental field has witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. It integrates advanced digital technology into the traditional dental workflow, allowing for more precise, efficient, and personalized patient care. CAD/CAM materials have become increasingly popular in fixed prosthodontics due to their aesthetic appeal, biocompatibility, and durability. This review examines the mechanical properties, aesthetic outcomes, and clinical applications of key CAD-CAM materials, including glass-ceramics (leucite-reinforced and lithium disilicate derivatives), zirconia, and alumina. It highlights the notable inverse relationship between translucency and strength, factors influencing material selection, and practical clinical indications such as crowns, bridges, and implant-supported restorations. By comparing the advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and emerging trends in these materials, this paper offers insights into optimizing restorative outcomes. Dental professionals can benefit from this comprehensive review by making informed treatment decisions that enhance both functionality and aesthetics.