review · Results in Engineering
Cutting fluids are essential in machining advanced engineering materials and high-speed cutting. By providing lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and corrosion protection, these fluids lower cutting temperatures, reduce friction, extend tool life, and improve surface finish and efficiency. However, conventional formulations present notable ecological and health hazards, alongside substantial disposal expenses. To address these problems, sustainable machining techniques focus on replacing or modifying traditional fluids. Promising approaches include biodegradable green oils, advanced fluid recycling methods, and precise delivery techniques such as high-pressure cooling and minimum quantity lubrication. These alternatives aim to safeguard performance while mitigating harm to ecosystems and factory personnel. A comprehensive sustainability assessment must account for the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of green machining strategies to ensure balanced industrial operation.
Conventional manufacturing often relies on toxic, expensive fluids to keep machine tools running effectively. Adopting sustainable alternatives like biodegradable oils and precision delivery methods protects factory workers from hazardous exposures, reduces toxic industrial waste, and lowers operating costs without compromising component quality or cutting efficiency.
The abstract highlights practical manufacturing interventions, notably the adoption of green biodegradable cutting oils, fluid recycling setups, and delivery hardware such as minimum quantity lubrication and high-pressure cooling systems. These technologies are relevant to precision engineering, automotive, and metal fabrication companies looking to trim disposal overheads and satisfy environmental standards. Because the text is an overview of existing industrial techniques and ongoing research, it indicates applied and tested concepts rather than a single novel market product.
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The evolution of advanced engineering materials and high-speed cutting techniques has emphasized the critical role of cutting fluids (CFs) in machining processes to meet sustainability requirements. Cutting fluids application offers several key benefits, including temperature reduction during cutting, decreased friction between the workpiece/chip and tool, extended tool lifespan, enhanced machining efficiency, and boosted surface finish. These positive outcomes are primarily attributed to the core functions of cutting fluid, namely lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and corrosion protection. However, they have serious disadvantages such as posing risks to ecosystems and human health as well as high disposal costs. Despite these disadvantages, ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the environmental sustainability, health and safety, and performance of metal cutting fluids through the use of green biodegradable oils, developing advanced recycling technologies, and the use of efficient application methods such as high-pressure cooling and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). This review paper sheds light on sustainable machining technologies that are utilized to minimize the environmental impacts of conventional cutting fluids. Different types of CFs including their benefits and role in cutting operations are also introduced. Finally, sustainable assessment including economical, environmental, and social aspects of green machining technologies is discussed. • Sustainable machining minimizes harmful environmental impacts of conventional cutting fluids. • Cutting fluids improve machining but pose risks to ecosystems and human health. • Green oils and advanced recycling enhance sustainability, health, and performance. • High-pressure cooling and MQL reduce cutting fluids' environmental and health risks.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103042
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