review · World Electric Vehicle Journal
Exact state-of-charge estimation is vital for energy storage systems to prevent deep discharging and overcharging, which helps improve discharge efficiency and battery lifecycles. Battery management systems monitor these systems for optimal use, yet developing effective methods to estimate charge levels remains challenging. A review of various energy storage technologies details their respective strengths and weaknesses, alongside a comparative analysis of charge estimation methods and their potential uses. Factors influencing state-of-charge, management approaches, and simulation tools for energy storage experiments are evaluated. This includes a quantitative assessment of technical and economic modelling simulators. Previous methods often lack accuracy under changing conditions and ageing, highlighting the need for hybrid approaches. Research must also address alternative materials for safety and sustainability, advanced control systems, and multiscale simulators validated by real-world data.
Batteries power vital technologies from consumer electronics to clean transport, but improper charging shortens their lifespan and reduces efficiency. By assessing charge estimation techniques and energy storage systems, this work clarifies how to better monitor battery health. It provides guidance on creating safer, longer-lasting batteries and more dependable tools to design future energy storage solutions.
This work can inform battery management system developers, simulator software providers, and energy storage manufacturers seeking more accurate control and testing frameworks. Because this is a broad review identifying persistent gaps such as the need for hybrid estimation methods and real-world validation, the insights represent early-stage guidance rather than an immediately deployable commercial product.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Exact state-of-charge estimation is necessary for every application related to energy storage systems to protect the battery from deep discharging and overcharging. This leads to an improvement in discharge efficiency and extends the battery lifecycle. Batteries are a main source of energy and are usually monitored by management systems to achieve optimal use and protection. Coming up with effective methods for battery management systems that can adequately estimate the state-of-charge of batteries has become a great challenge that has been studied in the literature for some time. Hence, this paper analyses the different energy storage technologies, highlighting their merits and demerits. The various estimation methods for state-of-charge are discussed, and their merits and demerits are compared, while possible applications are pointed out. Furthermore, factors affecting the battery state-of-charge and approaches to managing the same are discussed and analysed. The different modelling tools used to carry out simulations for energy storage experiments are analysed and discussed. Additionally, a quantitative comparison of different technical and economic modelling simulators for energy storage applications is presented. Previous research works have been found to lack accuracy under varying conditions and ageing effects; as such, integrating hybrid approaches for enhanced accuracy in state-of-charge estimations is advised. With regards to energy storage technologies, exploring alternative materials for improved energy density, safety and sustainability exists as a huge research gap. The development of effective battery management systems for optimisation and control is yet to be fully exploited. When it comes to state-of-the-art simulators, integrating multiscale models for comprehensive understanding is of utmost importance. Enhancing adaptability across diverse battery chemistries and rigorous validation with real-world data is essential. To sum up the paper, future research directions and a conclusion are given.
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DOI: 10.3390/wevj15090381
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