A Review of Transforming Rice Harvesting in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Addressing Constraints, Leveraging Mechanization, and Enhancing Productivity

Abstract

The mechanization of rice harvesting is crucial for enhancing rice production and productivity, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) where the demand for rice is rapidly increasing. Rice production in SSA faces pressing challenges, such as low productivity, labor shortages, and high postharvest losses, largely attributed to inefficient manual harvesting methods. This review explores the transformative potential of mechanized rice harvesting to address these challenges and enhance productivity in the region. It examines the evolution of harvesting technologies, from simple reapers to advanced combine harvesters, and their suitability for smallholder farming systems. While mechanization offers significant advantages, including increased throughput capacity (up to 1500 kg/h), reduced grain losses (less than 10%), and potential for job creation and youth engagement, adoption in SSA faces constraints related to farmer access, technical knowledge, farm size and infrastructure, crop characteristics, and equipment affordability and adaptability. This review analyzes these constraints and proposes strategies to overcome them, including the “import‐and‐adapt” approach for technology transfer. By drawing on case studies and empirical evidence, the review demonstrates the positive impacts of mechanization on productivity, efficiency, and postharvest loss reduction. The review concludes by advocating for intensified research, supportive policies, and capacity‐building initiatives, to promote sustainable mechanization practices and transform the rice sector in SSA, contributing to food security and economic growth.