A Review of Reconfigurable Antenna Types and Mechanisms for Wireless Communications: IoT Applications

Abstract

In this work, we studied the frequencies most commonly used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as well as the types of reconfigurations and reconfiguration mechanisms for reconfigurable antennas dedicated to IoT applications. We found that the majority of works mainly use the S-bands (2 GHz -4 GHz) with a percentage of 35.5 %, followed by the C-bands (4 GHz-8 GHz) with a percentage of 27.6 %, significantly higher than the other bands. Furthermore, frequency reconfiguration is the predominant reconfiguration mode, with a percentage of 70 % compared to other types, and the most commonly used reconfiguration mechanism is electrical reconfiguration with a percentage of 72.5 %, particularly with the use of PIN diodes.