A review of paediatric cataract surgery techniques and practices: Past, present and future

Abstract

Background: The management of paediatric cataract has always been unique, challenging and complex for ophthalmologists. The pursuit of expertise to enhance outcomes for affected children has driven the scientific and ophthalmic community, from the years preceding Christ to the present-day 21 st century, to refine surgical techniques for visual restoration in these children. Methods : This is a review article looking into the evolution, historical progression and advancement of cataract surgical techniques in children through extensive online literature search utilising internet search engines, journals, textbooks, PubMed, Cross-references, ResearchGate, Medscape and Web of Science. Search terms used included “history of Paediatric Cataract Surgery,” “Paediatric cataract surgical techniques,” “Couching,” “Discission,” “Irrigation & Aspiration’, ‘Phacoemulsification’, ‘Femtolaser’, Visual rehabilitation and Optic capture”. Results : The management of paediatric cataract has witnessed remarkable transformation over the years. The historical context illustrates a continuous dedication towards improving visual outcome. Refined techniques have culminated in diverse array of methods and practices used to take care of unique or specific challenges encountered in the care of paediatric cataracts. Conclusion: This article highlights the various methods employed to achieve the goal of visual restoration in paediatric cataract cases by considering factors such as the age of the child, the extent and impact of cataract and advancements in technology. Therefore, it provides insight into the ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of life for children affected by cataract.