review · Measurement Energy
Perovskite solar cells offer high efficiency and cost-effective electricity generation, but practical use is restricted by moisture sensitivity, ion migration, and interface defects that reduce durability. Engineering cell interfaces plays a central role in mitigating these weaknesses and boosting device lifespan. Surface modification, self-assembled monolayers, and wide-bandgap materials can passivate surfaces, reduce defects, and limit degradation. Alongside passivation, encapsulation methods using barrier films, polymers, and hybrid inorganic-organic materials shield the perovskite layers from environmental moisture. Connecting passivation layers and encapsulation techniques to large-scale manufacturing requirements highlights the trade-offs between stability, overall performance, and production affordability. Emerging trends in interface engineering provide potential directions to achieve the long-term operational stability and high power-conversion efficiency needed to drive perovskite solar cells towards commercial deployment.
Perovskite solar cells could provide cheaper and highly efficient renewable electricity, but they degrade too quickly under real-world conditions. Understanding how to protect their internal interfaces through chemical passivation and moisture-resistant barriers helps solve these durability bottlenecks, bringing next-generation solar energy closer to reliable everyday deployment.
This work informs solar cell manufacturers seeking to transition perovskite photovoltaics into commercial clean electricity generation. The focus is on interface materials, passivation techniques, and encapsulation options compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Because the analysis centres on overcoming degradation mechanisms and reconciling performance with affordability, the technology appears to be in an applied research stage that is actively addressing hurdles to scalable, commercial adoption.
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The use of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) holds immense promise in electricity generation due to their high efficiency and potential for cost-effective production. However, their practical application faces limitations due to issues like sensitivity to moisture, ion migration, and interface defects, affecting their stability and lifespan. This work delves into the critical role of interface materials in enhancing the stability and effectiveness of perovskite solar cells. Techniques such as passivation and encapsulation designed to mitigate these challenges are comprehensively explored. The study investigates the root causes of perovskite deterioration and how engineering interfaces can bolster the durability of these devices. Various methods for passivation, including surface modification, self-assembled monolayers, and utilizing materials with wide band gaps, are scrutinized for their ability to reduce defects and control degradation problems. Furthermore, strategies involving barrier films, polymers, and hybrid inorganic-organic materials are evaluated for their potential to shield perovskite layers from moisture and environmental influences, thereby prolonging the devices' lifetime. The interconnected nature of passivation layers, encapsulation techniques, and their suitability for large-scale manufacturing processes are presented. The analysis outlines the challenges and opportunities in developing interface materials for perovskite solar cells, considering the trade-offs between device performance, stability, and affordability. Accordingly, potential future pathways and emerging trends in interface engineering for the next generation of perovskite solar cells are suggested, aimed at propelling these devices towards commercial success by achieving high efficiency and long-term stability.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100005
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