A Review of Antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and Antiplatelet Activities of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials

Abstract

Abstract The continuous upsurge in drug resistance, the proliferation of life‐threatening aliment, and the advent of the utilization of biogenic extract for bio‐fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are unequivocally accidental. This review generously gathers the efficacy remarks of numerous biosynthesized MNPs concerning their antithrombolytic activity, Anticoagulant activity, and antiplatelet activity to give fresh thought to researchers on what to improve as per the architectural design of the biosynthesized MNPs, and selection of biogenic extract for better activities. In this work, efforts were made to provide mechanistic insight into the antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and antiplatelet activities of different biogenic MNPs. This work revealed that the biogenic extract used in synthesizing the green MNPs confers on them an improved biological activity compared to the physically and chemically synthesized MNP owing to the enormous phytochemicals present in the biological entities. Notably, it was also observed that phytogenically synthesized MNPs performed better than mycogenically synthesized MNPs and this might be ascribed to a large volume of the phytochemical present in plants that can easily be leached compared to microorganisms. Comparatively, the biogenic MNPs synergistically outperformed the ordinary biological extract and MNPs when used individually. Conclusively, from this review, the biosynthesized MNPs is a promising candidate for combating inflammation, the spread of infectious agents, retarded wound‐healing process, thrombosis, blood coagulation, ulcer, internal and external bleeding during injury with an average remarkable efficacy >70, and infinitesimal toxicity.