A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIVE STUDY OF MANAGEMENT OF BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONBlunt abdominal trauma results from a forceful impact to the abdomen without skin penetration, potentially injuring internal organs like the liver, spleen, and kidneys. If not quickly identified and treated, it can cause severe complications and even be fatal. This thesis investigates the occurrence and underlying causes of blunt abdominal trauma, highlighting associated risk factors, types of injuries, complications, and management difficulties. It outlines the ATLS protocol, starting with an initial assessment that addresses airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, and environmental control, followed by a secondary survey to identify concealed injuries. This study also emphasizes the importance of gathering a comprehensive injury history, conducting physical examinations, and utilizing diagnostic tools like FAST and CT scans to identify organ damage and internal bleeding. Blunt abdominal trauma management involves continuous monitoring of vital signs and considering blood transfusions based on patient status. Early consultation with surgeons is essential for significant injuries, and surgery may be indicated for hemodynamic instability, positive FAST, peritonitis, or penetrating injuries. Surgical interventions include exploratory laparotomy, damage control surgery, and organ-specific procedures like liver packing, splenectomy, bowel resection, and pancreatic drainage. Postoperative care involves ICU monitoring for complications, while stable patients may be managed non-surgically with exams and imaging. Accurate documentation ensures effective communication, and recovery includes hospitalization, rehab, and psychological support. Prevention strategies emphasize seatbelt use, fall prevention, protective gear, and workplace safety.