A novel smart grid concept for a 100% green hybrid energy system

Abstract

As global efforts to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensify, renewable energy systems have become a cornerstone of modern energy strategies and environmental policies. This study investigates the potential and challenges of implementing fully green hybrid energy systems, with a particular focus on energy storage as a critical component. Two configurations are analyzed to enhance system performance, reliability, and cost efficiency in a 100% renewable energy microgrid: (1) a photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) and (2) a PV/wind turbine (WT)/BSS system. The research targets the optimization of a hybrid energy system for an industrial community in New Minya, Egypt, utilizing site-specific solar radiation and wind speed data for precise design and simulation. Key economic metrics, including net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and installation, operation, and maintenance costs, are evaluated for each configuration. Simulations and optimizations are conducted using HOMER software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Results indicate that the PV/BSS configuration is both economically viable and environmentally sustainable, with an NPC of $88,429, an LCOE of $0.116 per kWh, and zero carbon emissions. This configuration emerges as a competitive alternative to diesel generator systems, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Additionally, the PV/WT/BSS system achieved an LCOE of $0.119 per kWh, demonstrating cost-effectiveness while maintaining zero emissions. Both configurations outperform traditional diesel-based systems, which are characterized by higher operational costs and considerable environmental drawbacks.