A novel furo[2,3- <i>d</i> ]pyrimidine-based chalcone derivative (MMK-1931) loaded chitosomes as a potential cancer therapy in an Ehrlich ascites tumour model

Abstract

evaluation in an Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mouse model demonstrated that MMK-1931-loaded chitosomes (MMK-1931-Chitosomes) significantly suppressed tumour growth, as evidenced by substantial reductions in tumour volume and weight. They also activated apoptotic pathways, as demonstrated by the upregulation of Bax and caspase-9 and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, they modulated oncogenic signalling by reducing cyclin D and MDM2 levels while enhancing the expression of p53 and PTEN. Histopathological analysis confirmed widespread tumour necrosis and membrane damage. Notably, the antitumor efficacy of orally administered MMK-1931-Chitosomes was comparable to that of intraperitoneally delivered cisplatin, underscoring their potential as a safer, more patient-friendly alternative and establishing them as a promising oral nano-system for solid tumour therapy.