A Film Intervention to Address Stigma Regarding Disability in Western Kenya

Abstract

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate associations of a narrative film with community perspectives toward persons with disabilities (PWDs) in western Kenya. METHODS Six locations were selected for the film intervention in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted before, immediately after, and 3 months following the film to understand perspectives on disability. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes and concepts. RESULTS A total of 506 community members attended the film screening, and 114 were randomly selected for FGDs. In preintervention FGDs, participants attributed the cause of disability to an accident or a curse or witchcraft, as occurring from birth, or being related to disease. Many participants noted that the community viewed PWDs as overlooked, feared, and burdensome. Treatment of PWDs was described as discriminatory, describing children being hidden, neglected, and abused. After the film, many individuals described PWDs as blessings, important, and capable members of the community. Participants described that the family, community, and government have shared roles in bringing their children with disabilities outside of the home; providing educational opportunities; and finding ways to support, protect, and love them. Three months after the film, participants described working toward more inclusion but noted that limited resources, uncertainty, lack of awareness, and PWDs’ families’ fear of being exploited were all challenges to implementing change in their communities. CONCLUSIONS A narrative film about stigma regarding disability may improve perspectives among community members toward PWDs. Evidence of community-based action and advocacy were demonstrated even 3 months after viewing the film.