A Facile Ball Milled Nanomagneto‐Graphene Oxide for the Effective Malachite Green Decontamination

Abstract

ABSTRACT Huge discharge of dying effluents and their high hazard impact represent a serious threat to the ecosystem. So, this article aims to eliminate the cationic dye malachite green (MG) from an aquatic medium. This study introduces a novel, green, and cost‐effective ball milling approach to synthesize nanomagneto‐graphene oxide (NMGO) nanocomposites with enhanced adsorption capacity for dye removal, showcasing superior performance compared to conventional methods. Characterization of NMGO nanosorbent was performed via X‐ray diffractometer, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy linked to electron dispersive X‐ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. The maximum MG dye adsorption capacity of NMGO nanosorbent was evaluated as a function of ball milling time interval, Fe 3 O 4 percentage, solution pH, dye concentration, temperature, NMGO dosage, and agitation time. Several mathematical isothermal and kinetic simulations were employed to model the data obtained from experiments and evaluate the superior adsorption abilities of NMGO (in mg/g). The NMGO nanocomposite exhibited a high dye removal capacity, achieving up to 300 mg/g (60%) of MG dye at optimal conditions. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo‐second‐order model, with high correlation coefficients ( r 2 = 0.9999). A Langmuir isothermal monolayer was achieved. In thermodynamics expressions, the capturing of MG dye by NMGO was spontaneous (− ΔG° ), exothermic (+ ΔH° ), and highly random at the boundary of phases (+ ΔS° ). In addition, NMGO sorbent exhibited excellent uptake of dye, and preparation of NMGO by ball milling route can remarkably increase he removal capacity of the NMGO towards MG dye removal from aquatic solutions.