A Cross-sectional Study on Biochemical Alterations and Associated Metabolic Syndrome among Obese Subjects in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The co-occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern. Key factors contributing to the emergence and prevalence of MetS include dyslipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), race, and physical inactivity. This study investigated biochemical alterations and associated MetS of obese subjects residing in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and ten respondents (20-60 years old) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A total of 105 obese and 105 normal-weight people were recruited as test and control groups, respectively. Hip circumference (HC), height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were also measured. Five milliliters of fasting blood samples were collected and used for the determination of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Assessment of MetS was done using the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel 111 (NCEP-ATP 111) criteria. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the mean ± SD of WC, HC, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBS, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the obese compared to the normal weight individuals. Using the NCEP-ATP criteria, the prevalence rate of MetS was 74.3% and 8.6% for obese and normalweight individuals, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that obesity predisposes individuals to a higher risk of developing MetS.